Session Index

High spectral-capacity optical wireless communication is envisaged for beyond 5G network using laser beam, which requires further advances in laser technology. In this talk, we discuss the recent achievement of single-frequency 480-nm and 514-nm visible lasers of 10.5 Gbit/s, and 940-nm VCSEL with integrated spiral-phase-plate at 1.8 Gbit/s.

 

In this paper we discuss the technologies developed for 3-D imaging-taking cameras, also variously called 3-D rangefinders, telemeters or LiDAR, and their applications to a number of scientific, industrial, biomedical and automotive fields.
We start from the description of the basic configurations used to build single-point laser rangefinders, that is, (i) triangulation, (ii) time-of-flight and (iii) interferometry, and then analyze the system requirements on parameters like: covered range, illumination power, detector noise, and stray light.
First, we illustrate how triangulation offers a relatively simple optical setup and is capable of reaching sub-mm resolution on distances up to several meters, provided the parallax base of observation is sizeable, and also yields the 3-D capability with either fan-beam scanning or image processing of the camera data. Variants of triangulation like Moire' contouring and spot array projection will also be mentioned.
Second, we analyze time-of-flight (ToF) rangefinders, that can take two different formats according to the choice of the source, i.e., the pulsed and the sine-wave techniques. Common to both are the power budget and the system equations, that we will briefly outline to calculate the achievable resolution, expressed as a characteristic time divided by the square root of received photons, where time is the pulse duration for the pulsed and the inverse pulsation frequency for the sine-wave. We consider development issues for ToF telemeters, like single vs double optics, choice of frequency, ambiguity range and index-of-refraction correction, and thereafter we present some examples of applications to topography and geodesy.
Third, we briefly report on interferometric pickup of 3-D distance data, showing that the main source of error – the speckle pattern phase error introduced by a normal diffusing target surface – can be tamed down to 5-10 micrometer by appropriate choice of the spot size and distance.
Moving on to 3-D imaging, the limitations obtained by simple, scanning beam extension of single-element rangefinders are addressed to motivate the quest for image-level processing of rangefinder data, that is, the development of a 3-D smart pixel camera in which each pixel integrates, along with the detector, all the functions of a full rangefinder.
Then we describe two approaches to smart-pixel 3-D developed in the frame of European Community Research programs: (i) the Megaframe (MF) pulsed ToF, based on an SPAD array and a smart pixel incorporating detector, preamp, TAC, logic selector, line driver, memory, and voltage converter integrated in a single 50x50 sq-micron pixel of a 128x128 array, and (ii) the sine-wave detector-demodulator (swDD) with a switching element integrated with a pin photodiode to realize the 4-phase demodulation of the delayed sine-wave received at the photodetector on a 120x160 pixel array. The fill-factors of the two approaches are 8% for the MF – requiring a micro-lens array for a recovery to a reasonable 50-60%, and 24 % for the swDD, while the chip size is 16x16 sq-mm and 2.5x2.5 sq-mm, respectively.
Finally, we consider in some detail the application of 3-D rangefinders to the automotive field, as anti-collision sensors as well as autonomous driving. The ToF is favored for best matching to performance (distance and accuracy) specifications, while a slow-pulse version of the pulsed telemeter is preferred to satisfy the laser safety requirement (1.05-mW at 900 nm and 10-mW at 1500 nm). An example of LiDAR integrated in the car headlight will be presented.
References
S. Donati: "Electro-Optical Instrumentation - Sensing and Measuring with Lasers" a volume of XVIII+425 pages, bound, 2004, Prentice Hall, USA, ISBN 013 0161610-9.
G.-F. Dalla Betta et al.: "Design and Characterization of Photonic Demodulators in 0.18-µm CMOS Technology", IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol.58, (2011), pp.1702-1709.
S. Donati, G. Martini, E. Randone: "Improving Photodetector Performance by means of Micro-optics Concentrators", IEEE J. Light. Techn., vol.29, 2011, pp.661-665.
C.-N. Liu et al: "LiDAR-Embedded Smart Laser Headlight Module Using a Single Digital Micromirror Device for Autonomous Drive" Proc. CLEO 2020, San Jose May 11-15, conference in streaming, paper ATu3T.2.

 

Three-port PNP-BJT configuration phase-shifter is demonstrated. Carrier injection induces more conspicuous changes of refractive index hence exhibits small Vpi (0.18V), Ppi(0.21mW). Fast rise/fall time (~1ns), small residue-amplitude-modulation (RAM) are also recorded (0.18dB). +4.0 dB RF-linking gain under dynamic operation proves three-ports to be more efficient than two-port counterpart.

 

Designing hybrid photonic devices with lateral GACC methods allows to integrate III-V and SOI materials by a standard active structure, a 220 nm Si waveguide, and an adhesive bonding layer. 87% coupling efficiency is demonstrated at 1550 nm wavelength.

 

A high-sensitivity and a high-power photo-receiver is preferred in coherent lidar system. In this work, we demonstrate top-illuminated APDs, which can simultaneously exhibit low excess noise (k<0.14) and wide 3-dB bandwidth (16GHz) with high responsivity (5.8A/W) under the operation at saturation output (5 mA).

 

We have developed an opto-electronic SR latch using light-emitting transistors (LETs) on a GaAs substrate via a monolithically integrated fabrication process. Taking advantage of dual-output (electrical and optical) characteristics, it can transmit or store information more efficiently and be applied to build opto-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs).

 

Semipolar (20-21) micro-LEDs were manufactured using improved epitaxy and chip process approaches. The highest modulation bandwidth up to 1.125 GHz and 1.25 Gbit/s data rate was achieved with a high polarization ratio. These results suggested an excellent transmission capacity of green semipolar (20-21) μLEDs in visible light communication (VLC) applications.

 

Impurity-Free Vacancy Diffusion (IFVD) quantum well intermixing was performed in high oxygen concentration SiOx through SCF treatment, enabling the photonic integration. Electroabsorption modulators (EAM) integrated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) were fabricated, realizing 10dB extinction ratio and optical gain of 11 dB.

 

In this study, a single mode and high speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is designed and fabricated. The device exhibits 26.5 GHz 3-dB E-O bandwidth and 50 Gb/s for pre-emphasis NRZ-OOK transmission in back-to-back and 100m GI-SMF links with eye-opening, which is extremely fast for single mode 850nm VCSELs.

 

A silicon ribbon grating array with variable linewidths on the dual-beam optical phase array is designed and demonstrates the horizontal and vertical scanning ranges as 90 and 30 degrees, which is superior to the previous dual-beam system. The grating lobe and crosstalk are reduced by nearly 6-dB and 3-dB, respectively.

 

In this work, the investigation of ultracompact fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPIs) and their sensing applications have been discussed. The proposed FFPIs are based on a tiny Fabry-Perot microcavity within a general single-mode fiber (SMF) which can achieve the sensing advantages of high sensitivity, good repeatability, effectiveness and miniature structure. Many ultracompact FFPIs have been utilized as different kinds of inline fiber optic sensors for measuring various parameters. Advanced sensing characteristics of the developed FFPIs are experimentally determined and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness.

 

This study investigates millimeter-wave generation and modulation using an optically injected semiconductor laser operating at period-one (P1) dynamics when subject to comb-like optical injection. 10-Gb/s 32-QAM OFDM data are added onto the stabilized 93-GHz millimeter-waves by directly modulating the injected laser for W-band wireless links.

 

We demostrated, a 800-Gb/s PAM4 based FSO communication with 200-m free-space transmission by integrating a WDM scheme and adopting SLM-based beam tracking technology, the transmission capacity of the FSO communications is remarkably increased with a total capacity of 800 Gb/s.

 

In this work, the software for optical fiber communication system is used to investigate an optical system based on the echo-state networks to form the logic gates. The gates can be used to recognize the input signals.

 

A new fiber-optic perimeter intrusion detection system employing only one single-mode fiber as disturbance sensor for each perimeter zone is presented. Oscillation signals generated through interference between lights from two resonators, i.e., a linear laser cavity and an extended resonator, were used for determining intrusion for each defended zone.

 

Four-channel 20-nm-spaced WDM (de)multiplexer based on fabrication-tolerant
cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration is demonstrated. Such unique device
design greatly reduces the process-induced spectral shift from 15 nm to <1 nm, verifying the
efficacy of the proposed design methodology for practical WDM applications.

 

Our recent research progresses on the integrated technologies and applications of microwave photonics and silicon photonics will be reviewed, including the development of new photonic components/modules as well as system applications.

 

The reflectivity of fiber Bragg gratings with two-grating sections, consisting of two grating periods, is simulated. When the difference of two gratings periods is 0.000014μm, the reflectivity spectrum of FBGs presents similarity of the reflectivity of two single-gratings FBGs except for the phase shift phenomenon.

 

By engineering the adiabaticity distribution using a single control parameter, we obtain shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) in optical waveguides for multimode systems. The strategy is applied to the design of a polarization-independent 3-dB coupler based on silicon. The coupler has high tolerance to fabrication errors and an ultra-broad bandwidth.

 

Due to the huge demand of Internet of Things (IOT) and cloud service, the transmission capacity inside the data center is highly required. The 100Gb/s transmission is deployed widely and the 400Gb/s transmission is growing inside the data center. Moreover, the solution of 800Gb/s transmission is discussing now. To achieve the bandwidth requirement, a novel transmission structure of four wavelengths (λ) by four single mode fibers (SMF) is proposed and the aggregated transmission capacity is up to 1.6Tb/s to satisfy the bandwidth demand of data center in the next decade. To realize this novel idea, the silicon photonics technology is the best candidate due to the advantage of integration. In this presentation, a silicon photonics transmitting (Tx) chip by integrated more than forty devices is designed. Total sixteen optimized Mach-Zenhder Modulators (MZM) are built and a special 4x16 Array Waveguide (AWG) Optical Multiplexer is included in the Tx chip. External high power DFB laser diodes are packaged by the edge to inject the light into the Tx chip. The total optical loss is around 30dB which will be improved by a further process and structure optimization. A single MZM is tested to demonstrate the 100Gb/s PAM4 transmission. In the receiving side, sixteen Ge photodiodes is integrated on the silicon photonics receiving chip. At the end of four 1x4 AWG optical De-multiplexers. A 50GHz bandwidth of the Ge photodiode is measured to ensure the 100Gb/s PAM4 receiving. In general, the feasibility of this novel 4λ x 4 SMF transmission structure and the possibility of this Tx optical engine and Rx optical engine are shown and will be a potential candidate in the future data center in the next decade.

 

A miniaturized mmWave fiber-wireless phased array antenna implemented by heterogeneous integration of Si photonics, CMOS RF circuits and patch antenna array is presented for 5G mobile communication. We demonstrate a 28-GHz, 16-QAM OFDM signal transmitted through this module with EVM 9.52%.

 

The higher fluorescence intensity for a 300-nm broadband single-mode Cr-doped crystalline core fiber (SMCDCCF) are demonstrated with and without coating and thermal annealing, respectively. The 31% fluorescence improvement was mainly due to the Cr4+-concentration up to 1.2 times during coating and thermal annealing process.

 

A new designed ring-based wavelength-division-multiplexing passive (WDM) access network is used to avoid Rayleigh backscattering (RB) beat noise. In the demonstration, the 8x10 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) WDM channels are used to support the fiber transmission length of 105 km for symmetric downstream and upstream connections without dispersion compensation.

 

In order to simplify the receiver, we propose the novel algorithm, which is time interleaved frequency division multiple access in the 2×2 MIMO 60 GHz RoF system. Moreover, the receiving section can receive time domain signals without DFT/IDFT processing for demodulation.

 

A high-power RGV-LDs+Y-LED mixed white-lighting module with W×L×H = 6×5.4×2 cm3 is demonstrated with the maximal transmission data rate of 21.2 Gbit/s. Moreover, the module provides an illuminance of 12800 lux over 0.5 m.

 

Polarized data demultiplexing in silicon carbide micro-ring waveguide resonator is performed by enhancing its polarization distinguished notch transmittance for discriminating orthogonally polarized 100-Gbit/s 16-QAM-OFDM and 50-Gbit/s NRZ-OOK optical data streams.

 

We report and demonstrate the micro-lensed from Si-photonics chip coupling to single-mode fiber employing automatic grinding and calibrated spin-on-glass coating techniques. A high coupling efficiency of 54.2% with ±0.5μm misalignment tolerance was achieved.

 

We demonstrate 2×2 MIMO 60-GHz RoF system with I/Q Volterra nonlinear compensation algorithm. The proposed system not only improves data rate up to 81.37Gbps but also extends wireless distance to 42 meters with data rate of more than 70Gbps.

 

We present a broadband and steady EDF multiple-ring laser by exploiting C-band EDF gain medium to achieve SLM output. The available CW tunability range from 1519.0 to 1579.0 nm. Moreover, the related output power, OSNR, SLM oscillation and stability characteristics in the presented laser have been also explored.

 

A MC-CDMA based fiber-wireless convergence with subcarrier BER equalization is demonstrated to outperform typical OFDM data in both wireless and wired RF fading channels for supporting multi-service access network with colorless FPLD transmitters.

 

This work demonstrates a Si3N4 optical switch based on MMI couplers connected with a Y-junction waveguide whose one arm with nematic liquid crystal claddings. The variable phase difference obtained by driving liquid crystal molecules enables redistribution of the electrical filed of TE or TM waves between two output waveguides.

 

This work proposes a broadband polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on silicon nitride platform. Such a PBS with a point-symmetric cascade directional coupler exhibits a broadband operation over the entire C-band wavelength range and broad 15 dB isolation bandwidth of 95 nm, ranging from 1490 to 1585 nm.

 

We present an innovative electro-optically tunable lithium niobate microdisk resonator with high tuning efficiency. The resonant wavelength of microdisk resonator can be effectively tuned by the designed coplanar electrode structure without the deterioration of quality factor. The tuning efficiency of the proposed device can be as high as 16.75pm/V.

 

We propose an integrated WDM and FSO access network to prevent Rayleigh backscattering (RB) interference effect supporting 51 km long fiber connection and 400 to 900 m free space link length. Here, a symmetric 4x10 Gbit/s OOK traffic are applied for transmitting the downstream and upstream signals simultaneously.

 

An erbium-doped fiber (EDF) dual-ring laser is investigated. To be operated at single-longitudinal-mode state, the dual-ring scheme, EDF-based saturable absorber and self-injected loop are exploited. Moreover, the output power, OSNR and output stability of the EDF laser are discussed over the available bandwidth of 1519 to 1590 nm.

 

Imaging spectra of inhomogeneous gold nanoparticles formed by thermal annealing on an edge-polished glass substrate are detected by waveguide excitation using a home-built white-light Fourier spectrometer. The measured spectral characteristics match well with the simulation results. This detection scheme can be used in simultaneously multi-point spectral detection of large-area nanostructures.

 

We proposed a novel fiber-optic hot-wire-anemometer (HWA) based on an ultracompact hot-polymer filled airgap fiber Fabry–Perot (FFPI) interferometer with silver-mirror-reaction (SMR) that is heated by a pumping laser-diode (LD) for measuring airflow with high sensitivity.

 

This study proposes a novel fiber Bragg grating structure-borne noise sensor for monitoring the structure-borne noise created from high-end facilities. Two different design structures including the lateral pressure and airtight structure are used for detecting structural noises.

 

We demonstrate a ring resonator with multi-resonance spectrum.[1] At the resonance peaks, the optical vortex beam will be emitted by the ring resonator. One of the resonance peak is at 1557 nm which is suitable for silicon photonics optical communication.

 

To design the center position of the MMI coupler makes two-fold MMI reflector to achieve a 90-degree MMI reflector. To replace the Fabry-Perot cavity with natural fracture surface reflectors at both edges. The reflectivity of the reflector is 0.5/ 0.72/ 0.85/ 1 and the reflector loss is almost 0.01.


 

We experimentally demonstrate a 3x3 MIMO 60-GHz OFDM-RoF system, applying with I/Q imbalance compensation and adaptively bit loading procedures. The system can achieve the highest data rate of 114.2 Gbps with the corresponding spectral efficiency of 16.36 bits/s/Hz.

 

SU8 polymer waveguides of linewidth 75µm and thickness 10µm with bending angles of 1 to 11 degrees covered by microfluidic channels under glucose solutions are fabricated as index sensors. Light intensity is measured through end-facet excitation of the waveguide at 632.8nm to estimate the intensity sensitivity of the sensors.

 

This paper proposes a liquid level sensor based on the cladding-mode wavelength of fiber Bragg grating. By etching the fiber cladding layer to reduce the fiber diameter, the cladding-mode wavelength shift is used to measure the liquid-level variation.

 

A PDM-RoF mechanism is firstly experimentally demonstrated for MMW coordinate multi-point transmission system with a polarization-track-free RAU design. Without additional latency for PDM demultiplexing, we evaluate various coordinate multi-point joint transmission scenarios.

 

Here, by fabricating an IDT and a LED on GaN material, we demonstrate optical oscillation greater than 1 GHz and acoustic charge transport at room temperature. Also, our experiment is able to achieve a tunable optical resonant frequency by varying bias voltages without changing the LED structure.

 

We present an ultra-thin Si/Si3N4 composite waveguide structure equipped with
asymmetric dual-level grating couplers. This waveguide is capable of implementing low-loss
and high-speed photonics integrated circuit

 

We demonstrate an electrical based FMCW lidar system and the performance was compared with the different receiver end consisting of APD and commercial available p-i-n PD based photo-receiver (p-i-n+TIA) both integrated with the LNA. APD receiver have around 7 dB larger S/N ratio in each pixel of image captured.

 

We demonstrate a visible-light-positioning (VLP) system using organic-photovoltaic-cell (OPVC) and linear-regression-machine-learning (LRML) algorithm. Interpolation is proposed and employed to reduce the amount of training data, while the VLP performance can be maintained.

 

An adhesive material-assisted wafer bonding was used to integrate Ⅲ-Ⅴ quantum well-based devices on a low-loss silicon on insulator (SOI). An optical spot size converter (SSC) defined by tapered waveguide was designed for optical interconnection between two material templates. A function of EAM-SOA integration on SOI was successfully demonstrated.

 

We propose and demonstrate using Gaussian-filtering and polynomial-curve-fitting to improve signal decoding in optical camera communication (OCC). Experimental result shows that the proposed scheme can improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance.

 

We demonstrate a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based multimode-waveguide-grating-coupler (MWGC) for simultaneously mode multiplexing/demultiplexing 2 fiber-modes at 2 polarizations, including LP01x, LP11x, LP01y and LP11y into a few-mode-fiber (FMF) transmission. 190-Gbit/s data transmission is achieved.

 

A bidirectional FSO-5G wireless convergence system with a VCSEL-based wavelength selector and a remotely injection-locked DFB LD is demonstrated.It exhibits an excellent convergence not only due to its development for incorporating optical fiber with optical/5G wireless networks, due to its enhancement for two-way high-speed and long-haul communications.

 

We propose a new type of channel waveguides with a sub-wavelength structure such that low and flattened dispersion can be achieved on the silicon-on insulator platform at 1.55μm wavelength. The structured waveguide is functional complete for designing basic components such as the directional couplers and ring resonators.

 

The authors derive a formula of computing the direct coupling efficiency from a laser diode to a diffused channel waveguide. Then we utilize a very simple optimization method (shift-or-shrink algorithm) to obtain the optimal coupling conditions. Several cases of the channel waveguides are presented.

 

In this paper, the regular pulses generated by the pure optoelectronic feedback and the hybrid system are demonstrated and compared experimentally. By applying optical injection combined with the optoelectronic feedback system, the unwanted side peaks of the regular pulses are effectively suppressed. Moreover, the linewidths are also discussed and calculated.

 

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor, which is constructed by a hollow-core fiber spliced between single mode fibers and functionalized with chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) self-assembled layers for monitoring heavy metal ion copper (II), is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.

 

A camera based positioning system is studied. The centroid method in combined with target ring markers is applied to reduce the probability of incorrectly identifying non-existing users. 95% positioning accuracy of 0.89 cm and user identification error with only 0.03 times of the case applying LED spot marker is demonstrated.

 

This design of a conducted-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) is used for 60 GHz bandwidth. The CBCPW device is achieved on a single-layer drilled glass structure to obtain the transmission line of the insertion loss S21 of -0.69dB and the reflection loss S11 of -27.76dB.

 

We propose a terahertz (THz) polarization maintaining fiber which has a negative curvature structure and is geometrically asymmetric. Numerical results demonstrate that the birefringence of the proposed fiber will increase with the diameter of the inner nest.

 

We numerically study the influence of thermal effect on the leakage channel fibers. It is found that the mode area will be reduced when the heat load is considered. Moreover, the mode area is smaller when the leakage channel fiber has a larger air-hole diameter.

 

Employing high launch power and Volterra-based pre-distortion to combat severe fading, loss and nonlinear distortion, we demonstrate a 52-Gbps 60-km LR-PON of 30-dB loss budget without inline or pre-amplifier and digital compensation for nonlinear distortion at ONUs.

 

Here we proposed a low-frequency AC magnetic field sensor based on FBG with a magnet. When the sensor is at presence of an external magnetic field, the magnet attached polymer causes shift of the FBG reflection wavelength. Our design is affordable and compact, which is suitable for wide electronic applications.

 

The microdisk resonator made of two oxide materials with positive and negative thermo-optic coefficients is presented with high thermal stability of resonant wavelength. The study upon the dependence of thermal drift rate on the thickness combination shows that the optimal thermal drift rate can be as low as 0.26 pm/ºC.

 

This topic mainly uses the theory of dual-concentric core fiber, and the characteristics of index-guiding photonic crystal fiber to design, in which light can pass through the refractive index difference of the medium, and the fiber Structural modification to design a dispersion compensation fiber with ultra-high negative dispersion.

 

Terahertz surface resonant waves are generated on metal-coated plastic woven meshes with strong field confinement within the periodically corrugated surfaces. The transmission spectral dips can sensitively be responded to optical constants of samples. The measured detection limits of refractive index and thickness are respectively 0.013 RIU and lambda/653.

 

A novel fiber-optic pH sensor based on a unique double-tapered Mach-Zehnder interferometer with multiple bilayers of chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) is proposed. pH responsive chitosan hydrogel coating on the fiber swells/deswells in response to local pH, inducing refractive index changes and then shifting of interference dips in the optical spectrum.

 

Ultra-broadband long-period fiber grating with higher-order mode conversion bandwidth larger than 150 nm is demonstrated, which has been combined with a tunable ytterbium-doped fiber laser to generate optical doughnut beams in the spectral range from 1030.0 nm to 1098.7 nm, and the vector nature of generated optical fields are observed.

 

The C-band tunable wavelength of erbium-doped fiber laser was constructed by a tunable optical filter in the ring resonator. The low and high coupling ratios in the resonator were found to have a large gain corresponding with the short and long wavelength of the C-band, respectively.

 

Controlling of the different coupling ratios in the circular ring resonator of erbium-doped fiber laser, the nine tunable wavelengths from 1558.900 to 1565.500 nm and the corresponding peak optical powers varied less than 1 dB compared with the average optical power of -13.36 dBm were obtained in this experiment.

 

This research is based on wireless OWIPT system of resonant beam, using wireless optical communication technology to enable signal and power transfer in free space at the same time. After the resonance effect is achieved, and DC and AC signals are separated to achieve power and signal transfer.

 

A propose and demonstrate by simulation a compact mode-converter between TE0 and TE1 by utilizing subwavelength-grating-assisted (SWG) asymmetric-directional-coupler (ADC). Results show that the coupling-length can be reduced by 40%.

 

This study proposes a fiber direct-current voltage sensor by means of combining a fiber Bragg grating and piezoelectric transistor. The sensor can be used to detect the DC voltage in the range from 0 to 180 volts.

 

This search is to investigate the tuning grating-bandwidth by applying different tension forces in a TFBG. The tension force from 0.02 to 0.1kgw is applied in five different fiber diameters from 80 to 40μm. In addition, the thermal influence of grating bandwidth from 40°C to 100°C is also investigated.

 

A hybrid tree and multi–ring radio over fiber transport system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. With the assistance of a self-composed single-line bidirectional optical add/drop multiplexer and flexible network structure, the transport system can maintain network traffics when multiple fiber link failures occurred.

 

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a MIMO-MMW-RoF mobile fronthaul with a polarization insensitive RU design. In the same fronthaul infrastructure, a flexible capacity management can be achieved with two software-level controlled signal stream scenarios.

 

We proposed and demonstrated an optical-camera-communication (OCC) employing logistic-regression and data-preprocessing. Experimental result shows that the proposed scheme can improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance significantly.